Roman Numeral Converter
Convert between numbers and Roman numerals. Free, no signup.
How It Works
Type a number to see its Roman numeral equivalent, or type a Roman numeral to convert it to a number. Both directions update instantly and support values from 1 to 3,999. Roman numerals are written from largest symbol to smallest, using subtractive notation for 4s and 9s.
Roman Numeral Chart
| Symbol | Value | Example |
|---|---|---|
| I | 1 | III = 3 |
| IV | 4 | subtractive |
| V | 5 | VIII = 8 |
| IX | 9 | subtractive |
| X | 10 | XXVII = 27 |
| XL | 40 | subtractive |
| L | 50 | LXX = 70 |
| XC | 90 | subtractive |
| C | 100 | CCL = 250 |
| CD | 400 | subtractive |
| D | 500 | DCCC = 800 |
| CM | 900 | subtractive |
| M | 1000 | MMXXIV = 2024 |
Worked Examples
2024 = MM (2000) + XX (20) + IV (4) = MMXXIV.
49 = XL (40) + IX (9) = XLIX.
1994 = M (1000) + CM (900) + XC (90) + IV (4) = MCMXCIV.
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I convert a number to Roman numerals?
Type the number into the Number field above and the Roman numeral appears instantly. Roman numerals are built by adding symbols from largest to smallest: 2024 becomes MMXXIV (M + M + X + X + IV). This tool supports numbers from 1 to 3999.
How do I convert Roman numerals to a number?
Type the Roman numeral into the Roman numeral field and the number appears instantly. The converter reads the symbols left to right, subtracting when a smaller symbol precedes a larger one — for example IX is 9 and XL is 40.
What are the seven Roman numeral symbols?
There are seven: I = 1, V = 5, X = 10, L = 50, C = 100, D = 500, and M = 1000. All Roman numerals are combinations of these, using subtractive notation for values like 4 (IV) and 9 (IX).
Why is 4 written as IV and not IIII?
Roman numerals use subtractive notation to avoid repeating a symbol four times. Placing a smaller symbol before a larger one subtracts it: IV = 5 − 1 = 4, IX = 10 − 1 = 9, XL = 50 − 10 = 40, CM = 1000 − 100 = 900.
Why can't I convert numbers above 3999?
Standard Roman numerals only go up to 3999 (MMMCMXCIX). Larger numbers require a vinculum — an overline that multiplies a numeral by 1000 — which is not part of the basic notation, so this converter is limited to 1–3999.